![]() ![]() ![]() Fermions are usually associated with matter while Bosons are the force carriers.Įxamples of Fermions: Leptons (Electrons, Neutrinos etc), Quarks (Up, Down etc.), Baryons (Protons, Netrons etc.) The degeneracy pressure that stabilizes white dwarf and neutron stars is a result of fermions resisting further compression towards each other. Thus Fermions are solitary. Only one Fermion may occupy any quantum state – the Fermionic solitariness of electrons is responsible for the structure of molecular matter (in fact for all ‘structure’ in the universe). Fermions are subject to Pauli Exclusion Principle which states that no particle can exist in the same state in the same place at the same time. Fermions and Bosons : Diagramatic RepresentationsĪll fermions have half-integer multiple spins (ie 1/2, 3/2, 5/2…). Not only elementary particles, but also composite particles like Baryons (Eg: Protons, Neutrons etc.) will also fall under this basic classification of all particles into Fermions and Bosons. The scheme of Quantum Field Theory is that Fermions interact by exchanging Bosons. All elementary particles (Quarks, Leptons, Guage Bosons, Static Bosons etc.) will fall under either of these two. Weak nuclear forces are responsible for radioactivity.There are possibly only two classes of ‘particles’ in the universe – Fermions and Bosons. PS : The weak and strong forces are effective only over a very short range and dominate only at the level of subatomic particles. Strong Nuclear Force – Strongest but short range.Electromagnetic Force – Stronger, with infinite range.Weak Nuclear Force – Next weakest but short range.Gravitational Force – Weakest force but infinite range.The electron, the muon and the tau all have an electric charge and a sizeable mass, whereas the neutrinos are electrically neutral and have very little mass. The six leptons are similarly arranged in three generations – the “electron” and the “electron neutrino”, the “muon” and the “muon neutrino”, and the “tau” and the “tau neutrino”. Quarks also come in three different “colours” and only mix in such ways as to form colourless objects. All stable matter in the universe is made from particles that belong to the first generation any heavier particles quickly decay to the next most stable level. The lightest and most stable particles make up the first generation, whereas the heavier and less stable particles belong to the second and third generations. The six quarks are paired in the three generations – the “up quark” and the “down quark” form the first generation, followed by the “charm quark” and “strange quark”, then the “top quark” and “bottom (or beauty) quark”. Quarks and Leptons are Fermions with 1/2 spin. Fermions have spin like 1/2, 3/2, 5/2 etc. Together, Quarks and Leptons are part of a larger class known as Fermions. There are 6 Quark types and 6 Lepton types. Elementary (Fundamental) Particles of Matter – Quarks and LeptonsĮlementary particles occur in two basic types called quarks and leptons. These elementary particles are called Quarks. But what about the particles inside the nucleus, ie.Protons and Neutrons? Are they made up of still smaller particles? Yes, they are composite particles made of elementary particles. Electons are one type of elementary particle type under a broad category called Leptons. You know about the Protons, Neutrons and Electrons, which make up the atom. How many confirmed elementary particles are there in the standard model?.Higgs Boson or God’s Particle (Responsible for mass).Gauge Bosons (Responsible for energy transfer).Elementary (Fundamental) Particles of Matter – Quarks and Leptons. ![]()
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